Develop minimum 4 program based on variation in methods i.e. passing by value, passing by reference, returning values and returning objects from methods.

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Here are four Java programs based on different variations of methods:

1. Passing by Value

In this example, we have a method that accepts two integer arguments and swaps their values using a temporary variable.

Create a Example1.java file and write this code in it.

public class Example1 {
    public static void swap(int a, int b) {
        int temp = a;
        a = b;
        b = temp;
        System.out.println("Inside swap method: a = " + a + ", b = " + b);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        int y = 20;
        System.out.println("Before swap: x = " + x + ", y = " + y);
        swap(x, y);
        System.out.println("After swap: x = " + x + ", y = " + y);
    }
}


In this program, we have a swap() method that accepts two integer arguments. However, since Java passes arguments by value, the method only modifies copies of the original variables. The original variables x and y are not modified. The output of the program is:


2. Passing by Reference

In this example, we have a class with a setValue() method that accepts an integer array argument and sets its first element to a specified value.


public class Example2 {
    public static void setValue(int[] arr, int value) {
        arr[0] = value;
        System.out.println("Inside setValue method: arr[0] = " + arr[0]);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
        System.out.println("Before setValue: arr[0] = " + arr[0]);
        setValue(arr, 5);
        System.out.println("After setValue: arr[0] = " + arr[0]);
    }
}


In this program, we have a setValue() method that accepts an integer array argument. Since Java passes object references by value, the method modifies the original array object. The output of the program is:



3. Returning Values

In this example, we have a method that returns the maximum value of two integers.


public class Example3 {
    public static int max(int a, int b) {
        if (a > b) {
            return a;
        } else {
            return b;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int x = 10;
        int y = 20;
        int max = max(x, y);
        System.out.println("The maximum value is: " + max);
    }
}

In this program, we have a max() method that accepts two integer arguments and returns the maximum value. The main() method calls the max() method and stores the returned value in a variable. The output of the program is:


4. Returning Objects

In this example, we have a class Person with a constructor that accepts a name and age, and a getInfo() method that returns a string with the person's name and age.


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{ THANK YOU }




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